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ADHD - a simple guide

ADHD - a simple guide

This is Nonjudgementally's quick guide to ADHD - an overview to the basic ideas and most common questions asked. It is a living document and it'll continue to grow and develop, so please leave feedback in the comments to help it become even better. Numbers at the end of sentences and paragraphs refer to the references at the end of the article.

Introduction

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. It is often characterised as Hyperactive or inattentive forms, depending on which element presents most strongly in the symptoms. It can have a significant impact on daily life and functioning, but there are various forms of therapy, coping mechanisms, and self-treating methods that can help manage the symptoms.

Best Type of Therapy for ADHD
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral therapy are two forms of therapy that have been shown to be effective in treating ADHD. CBT helps individuals with ADHD identify and change negative thought patterns, while behavioral therapy focuses on modifying behavior and teaching coping mechanisms.1

ADHD Coping Mechanisms
There are a number of coping mechanisms that individuals with ADHD can use to manage their symptoms. For example, using a planner or to-do list, breaking down tasks into smaller steps, and taking breaks throughout the day can help improve focus and organization.2 Additionally, mindfulness and relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or meditation can help manage feelings of anxiety and impulsiveness.

Self-Treating Methods for ADHD
There are also a number of self-treating methods that can be helpful for managing ADHD symptoms. For instance, regular exercise has been shown to improve focus and reduce impulsiveness, while a healthy diet that is rich in protein and low in simple carbohydrates can help improve energy levels and regulate mood.3,4 Staying organized and maintaining a consistent routine can also be helpful for individuals with ADHD.

Can ADHD be treated without medication?
While medication is often the first line of treatment for ADHD, it is not the only option. In some cases, therapy and self-treating methods may be enough to effectively manage symptoms, but it is important to consult a doctor or trained professional to determine the best course of treatment.

The Root Cause of ADHD?
The exact cause of ADHD is not known, but research suggests that it may be related to genetics and environmental factors such as prenatal exposure to alcohol or tobacco smoke.5,6

Impact of ADHD on the Brain
ADHD affects the brain's ability to regulate attention, executive functions (such as decision-making and impulse control), and hyperactivity.7 Brain imaging studies have also shown differences in brain structure and function in individuals with ADHD compared to those without the disorder.8

Is ADHD caused by trauma?
There is evidence to suggest that trauma or significant life stressors may contribute to the development of ADHD or exacerbate existing symptoms, but more research is needed in this area.9

Non-medicinal Ways to treat ADHD
In addition to therapy and self-treating methods, there are also a number of natural remedies that may help improve symptoms of ADHD. For example, omega-3 fatty acids, which are found in fish and some types of nuts, are thought to to have a positive impact on brain function and may improve symptoms of ADHD, but larger clinical trials are needed to prove this.10 Other natural remedies such as iron and magnesium supplements, as well as herbal remedies such as ginkgo biloba, may also be helpful, but more research is needed in these areas.

Can ADHD be Cured or Grown Out Of?
There is no cure for ADHD, but with proper treatment and management, individuals with ADHD can lead successful and fulfilling lives. While symptoms may improve over time, ADHD is considered a lifelong disorder that typically requires ongoing management.

Is ADHD Hereditary?
Research suggests that genetics play a role in the development of ADHD, with around 70% of individuals with the disorder having a family history of ADHD or other related conditions.11

ADHD and Neurology
In people with ADHD, there are differences in the way neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that allow communication between nerve cells in the brain, work compared to people without ADHD. Specifically, there are lower levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brains of people with ADHD, as well as differences in the way that dopamine is used in regions of the brain that are responsible for attention, motivation, and impulsivity control. This is thought to impact the function of certain brain structures, including the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia, which are critical in regulating attention and impulsive behavior. The exact underlying cause of these differences in neurotransmitter function and brain structure in people with ADHD is not yet fully understood, but is the subject of ongoing research. 12,13,14.

Conclusion
ADHD is a complex and multi-faceted disorder that affects a large number of individuals worldwide. While the root cause of ADHD is still not fully understood, it is believed to be related to genetic, environmental, and brain functioning factors. The impact of ADHD on the brain is significant, affecting attention, behavior, and executive functioning. There are various types of therapy that are effective in treating ADHD, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, behavioral therapy, and others. There are also a number of self-treating methods that can be helpful for individuals with ADHD, such as mindfulness, exercise, and healthy eating. While medication is a common treatment option for ADHD, there are non-medicinal ways to address the symptoms as well.

It is important to keep in mind that the severity of ADHD can vary greatly between individuals, and what works for one person may not work for another. It is always best to consult with a doctor or trained professional to determine the best course of treatment for each individual case.

References

  1. "ADHD: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatments." Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 5 Nov. 2020, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350889.
  2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2018). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Diagnosis and management of ADHD in children, young people and adults. NICE Clinical Guidelines, 87. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg87
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/index.html
  4. American Academy of Pediatrics. (2011). Clinical Practice Guideline: Diagnosis and Evaluation of the Child With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Pediatrics, 128(5), 1007-1022. https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/128/5/1007
  5. National Institute of Mental Health. (2021). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml
  6. National Institute of Mental Health. (2021). Medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/medications-for-adhd/index.shtml
  7. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (2021). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). [Online]. Available at: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml [Accessed on 1st February 2023].
  8. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (2021). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). [Online]. Available at: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml [Accessed on 1st February 2023].
  9. American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2021). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). [Online]. Available at: https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/adhd/what-is-adhd [Accessed on 1st February 2023].
  10. Alexandra J Richardson (2006) Omega-3 fatty acids in ADHD and related neurodevelopmental disorders. [Online]. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16777670/
  11. Stephen V Faraone. (2018. Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.[Online]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6477889/
  12. ADHD: What is ADHD? - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml)
  13. Neurotransmitters and ADHD - Harvard Health Publishing (https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/struggling-with-attention-and-organization-as-you-age-it-could-be-adhd-not-dementia-2020042119514)
  14. The neurobiology of ADHD - British Medical Journal (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4615786/)